2/14/2023 0 Comments State of decay controlsActing in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, multiple QC factors monitor newly synthesized transcripts, or mRNAs undergoing translation, for properties essential to function, including structural integrity or the presence of complete open-reading frames. The major RNA decay pathways also play important roles in the quality control (QC) of gene expression. The rate at which decay occurs depends on RNA sequence or structural elements and usually requires the RNA to be modified in a way that allows recruitment of the decay machinery to the transcript through the binding of accessory factors or small RNAs. RNA decay can initiate from the ends of a transcript or through endonucleolytic cleavage, and numerous factors that catalyze or promote these reactions have been identified and characterized. The steady-state levels of these RNAs occur through transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, of which RNA decay pathways are integral components. mRNAs are intermediates that define the proteome, rRNAs and tRNAs are effector molecules that act together to decode mRNA sequence information, and small noncoding RNAs can regulate mRNA half-life and translatability. Maintenance of cellular function relies on the expression of genetic information with high fidelity, a process in which RNA molecules form an important link.
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